IMPACT OF FDI ON ECONOMY GROWTH: A COMPARISON OF SOUTH ASIAN STATES & CHINA

This paper makes a comparison of the impact of Foreign Direct investment on the economies of South Asian states including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka with China. The paper attempts to investigate that what are the differences between the economies of South Asia region and China. For study purpose annual data are used. The variables selected are FDI, External Debt, and Remittances. Analytical tools of OLS test and granger causality test are used to analyze the data. The result confirmed the fast growing economic development of China as compared with states of South Asia. The results confirmed that China is much faster growing economy than South Asia region. In order to attract direct investment into the of South Asian states, there is a need to develop infrastructure, stabilized political environment, law and order situation, healthy economic environment, curtailing on external debt, tax exemption. If these countries give due attention to FDI role in economic development FDI can facilitate human capital formation, domestic investment and technology transfer in the region and they can also develop their economies much like that of China

An Enhanced Architecture to Resolve Public-Key Cryptographic Issues in the Internet of Things (IoT), Employing Quantum Computing Supremacy

The Internet of Things (IoT) strongly influences the world economy; this emphasizes the importance of securing all four aspects of the IoT model: sensors, networks, cloud, and applications. Considering the significant value of public-key cryptography threats on IoT system confidentiality, it is vital to secure it. One of the potential candidates to assist in securing public key cryptography in IoT is quantum computing. Although the notion of IoT and quantum computing convergence is not new, it has been referenced in various works of literature and covered by many scholars. Quantum computing eliminates most of the challenges in IoT. This research provides a comprehensive introduction to the Internet of Things and quantum computing before moving on to public-key cryptography difficulties that may be encountered across the convergence of quantum computing and IoT. An enhanced architecture is then proposed for resolving these public-key cryptography challenges using SimuloQron to implement the BB84 protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) and one-time pad (OTP). The proposed model prevents eavesdroppers from performing destructive operations in the communication channel and cyber side by preserving its state and protecting the public key using quantum cryptography and the BB84 protocol. A modified version is introduced for this IoT situation. A traditional cryptographic mechanism called 'one-time pad' (OTP) is employed in hybrid management

Designing of cell coverage in light fidelity

The trend of communication has changed and the internet user demands to have higher data rate and secure communication link. Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) that uses radio waves for communication has been used as an internet access methodology for many years. Now a new concept of wireless communication is introduced that uses visible light for communication and is known as the Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi). Li-Fi attracted the researchers for its vast advantages over Wi-Fi. Wi- Fi is now an integral part of everyday life. In near future, due to scarcity of spectrum, it would be quite difficult to accommodate new users in limited spectrum of Wi-Fi. To overcome this, Li-Fi is a good option because of its infinite spectrum range, as it uses the visible range of the spectrum. Many researchers discussed that Li-Fi is secure when compared to Wi-Fi. But is it really secure enough? Can anybody access hotspot of Li-Fi? Or is there a need to develop a technique that is used to block the unauthorized access? In this research work, a cellular concept is introduced for the Li-Fi usage in order to increase the security. This research presents a flexible and adjustable cell structure that enhances the security of Li-Fi. The coverage area is shown by utilizing the geometrical structure of the cone and the area of the cone can be controlled. A mechanical system is also installed on the roof to control the coverage area of a Li-Fi by moving LED bulb slightly up and down. A mathematical expression for the proposed coverage area of the cell is provided, which is formed on the ground level by a beam of light originating from the source of light. The adjustable and controlled structure provides security benefits to the owner. Finally, the research is backed by its simulation in Matlab

Leadership Effectiveness, Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Employee Commitment: A Case of Academic Institutions of Pakistan

According to its scope of practice and research, Leadership is one of the most important areas these days. Many scholars have theorized different definitions and dimensions of this very construct leadership that gives a clear indication about its importance both in society and also in the context of people management in organizations in different countries. In today’s world where complexity driven by different factors has changed the face of organizations, different procedures have been devised to retain the employees in the organization. But apart from all the system level changes, there is one important factor that directly links with the employee turnover intention and that is leadership effectiveness. There has been much focus on leadership effectiveness and many researches have been done to study it. This study is trying to address the issue at hand that is about studying the effectiveness of leadership. For this purpose this study is investigating the relationship of leadership effectiveness and turnover intention along with a third variable participation that is employee commitment in the academic sector of Pakistan. This study is focusing on the relationship of leadership effectiveness and employee turnover intention specifically in the academic institutions and implying the facts that how these institutions are constructing this relationship according to the specific culture and norms posed by the Pakistani context. In this study the predictor is leadership effectiveness and outcome is turnover intention. Besides, this study is also focusing on the third variable involvement that is employee commitment. So this study is testing and reflecting upon whether such relationship exists in this context or not. This study uses the sample size of 345. The population is faculty members of different academic institutions. The software used is SPSS along with process plugin to run the regression (mediation) analysis. This study has presented some important findings related to the nature of the relationship of leadership effectiveness, employee commitment and turnover intention that will be an important knowledge addition in the literature and will be helpful for the management to make important decisions regarding the management and turnover of employees in the academic institutions of Pakistan

Leadership Effectiveness, Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Employee Commitment: A Case of Academic Institutions of Pakistan

According to its scope of practice and research, Leadership is one of the most important areas these days. Many scholars have theorized different definitions and dimensions of this very construct leadership that gives a clear indication about its importance both in society and also in the context of people management in organizations in different countries. In today’s world where complexity driven by different factors has changed the face of organizations, different procedures have been devised to retain the employees in the organization. But apart from all the system level changes, there is one important factor that directly links with the employee turnover intention and that is leadership effectiveness. There has been much focus on leadership effectiveness and many researches have been done to study it. This study is trying to address the issue at hand that is about studying the effectiveness of leadership. For this purpose this study is investigating the relationship of leadership effectiveness and turnover intention along with a third variable participation that is employee commitment in the academic sector of Pakistan. This study is focusing on the relationship of leadership effectiveness and employee turnover intention specifically in the academic institutions and implying the facts that how these institutions are constructing this relationship according to the specific culture and norms posed by the Pakistani context. In this study the predictor is leadership effectiveness and outcome is turnover intention. Besides, this study is also focusing on the third variable involvement that is employee commitment. So this study is testing and reflecting upon whether such relationship exists in this context or not. This study uses the sample size of 345. The population is faculty members of different academic institutions. The software used is SPSS along with process plugin to run the regression (mediation) analysis. This study has presented some important findings related to the nature of the relationship of leadership effectiveness, employee commitment and turnover intention that will be an important knowledge addition in the literature and will be helpful for the management to make important decisions regarding the management and turnover of employees in the academic institutions of Pakistan

Changing trends of pyogenic microorganisms in a tertiary care hospital

Objective: To determine the predominant microorganisms responsible for pyogenic infections and prospective monitoring of the changing trends in their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, from April 2015 to February 2016. Pus and pus swab samples were randomly collected from different body sites both from the males and females from any age group. Patients who were already taking antibiotics, those on steroids or suffering from chronic illnesses were excluded from the study. Inoculation of the samples on the respective culture media was done followed by Gram stain, biochemical reactions and antibiotic susceptibility testing carried out by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and its interpretation as per Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Data was collected on preformed table and analysis was done by using SPSS version 21. Results: 127 pus samples were analyzed, out of which 103 yielded a positive culture. Staphylococcus aureus/Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the commonest organism among the Gram positive organisms which showed maximum susceptibility to vancomycin (100%) and Linezolid (92%). Among the Gram negative organisms Escherichia coli was the commonest followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other organisms. Conclusion:  The changing trends of pyogenic organisms have to be monitored prospectively to counter the global epidemic and to detect the constantly increasing burden of antibiotic resistance leading to it

The Impact of Workplace Incivility on The Psychological Wellbeing of Employees Through Emotional Exhaustion

Workplace environment has received a lot attention from many authors for research purpose. The present study extends the scope of the workplace incivility literature by adding the dependent variable like psychological wellbeing, prohibitive voice behaviour, intention to leave. I have selected these research variables because of its importance however, the association of these variables with the workplace incivility as independent variable is the unique contribution of the study to the existing body of knowledge. All the dependent variables are also helpful in the career development of employees and make contribution to achieve organization goals. This research will help organizations to study how workplace incivility affects the behaviour of the employees, besides it helps organizations to consider the workplace incivility effects on the employees while making decisions in achieving organization goals. Another significant achievement of the study is the use of emotional exhaustion as a mediator. The mediation role of emotional Exhaustion between workplace incivility and dependent variables like psychological wellbeing, prohibitive voice behaviour and intention to leave reveals much truth through mediation analysis. The use of prohibitive voice behaviour as an independent variable is also uniqueness of this study, it will reveal a lot of facts how prohibitive voice behaviour effects the employees in the organization. This study also uses the mechanism of the Conservation of resource theory to explain and justify the impact of workplace incivility on prohibitive voice behaviour, psychological wellbeing of employees and intention to leave. Although various researchers use the COR theory this study the theory describes how employees have the negative feelings and out of their resources (Knowledge, skills, ability) when dealing with workplace incivility

Impact of Life Style and Personality on Online Purchase Intentions of Internal Auditors through Attitude towards Brands

The primary purpose of this research is to explore the impact of Life Style and Personality on Online Purchase Intentions through Attitude towards Brands among Internal Auditors of companies which are listed in Lahore Stock Exchange as they are more conscious about their products especially clothing and mobile technologies. This study is important for the customers so that online customer purchase intention enhanced.  This research work is quantitative in nature and data were collected through the self-administered Questionnaires by simple random sampling technique.  The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 by testing reliability, regression analysis, correlation analysis by running confirmatory factor analysis and implementing Structural Equation Modelling, mediation was tested by Barron and Kenny test to check whether it is partial or full. Results explained that Customer Life Style and Customer Personality have a significant positive impact on Customer Online Purchase Behavior.  This research also explains that Customer Attitude towards Brands Partially mediates the relationship among the Customer Life Style, Customer Personality and Customer Online Purchase Behavior.  This research focused on the least studies area of Marketing in the circumstances in which it was carried out. All the ideas are interlinked in it to increase the customer online purchase intention

A comparative study of supervised machine learning techniques for diagnosing mode of delivery in medical sciences

The uses of machine learning techniques in medical diagnosis are very helpful tools now-a-days. By using machine learning algorithms and techniques, many complex medical problems can be solved easily and quickly. Without these techniques, it was a difficult task to find the causes of a problem or to suggest most appropriate solution for the problem with high accuracy. The machine learning techniques are used in almost every field of medical sciences such as heart diseases, diabetes, cancer prediction, blood transfusion, gender prediction and many more. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques are applied in the field of medical and health sciences to find the best solution for any medical illness. In this paper, the implementation of supervised machine learning techniques is performed for classifying the data of the pregnant women on the basis of mode of delivery either it will be a C-Section or a normal delivery. This analysis allows classifying the subjects into caesarean and normal delivery cases, hence providing the insight to physician to take precautionary measures to ensure the health of an expecting mother and an expected child

Chemical Biology Toolsets for Drug Discovery and Target Identification

Chemical biology is the scientific discipline that deals with the application of chemical techniques and often small molecules produced through synthetic chemistry, to the manipulation and study of biological systems. Its working framework ranges from simple chemical entities to complex drugs by employing the principles of biological origin. This chapter particularly focuses on the principles and working models of chemical biology to discover new drug leads. Drug discovery is an extensive and multifaceted complex process. Chemical biology uses both natural and synthetic compounds with the best therapeutic potential and verifies them by employing the best possible chemical toolsets. Screening of compounds is done by the use of phenotypic as well as the target-based screening to identify and characterize the potent hits. After the identification of target, it is characterized, and validated by extensive testing. The next step is the validation of hits obtained, and lead compounds are tested in clinical trials before introducing them for commercial application